Data LibraryOfficial statistics
Resident Population (ONS mid-year)
Geography: England resident · Local Authority grainas of mid-2024292 Local Authorities
This dataset has no GP-practice grain — figures are shown at the nearest available area (ICB / region / England), marked ○, not practice-level.
Resident populationWider area · Local Authority (resident)
56,885,823mid-2024Aged 0–14
17.2%of residentsWorking age (15–64)
64.3%of residentsAged 65+
18.5%of residentsReporting year
mid-2024ONS mid-year estimatePopulation pyramid
Resident population by age band and sex · Local Authority grain · mid-2024
Male· 27,873,892Age band29,011,931 ·Female
85+
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
Share by broad age group
0–14 / 15–64 / 65+ · all-persons
- Aged 0–1417.2%
- Aged 15–64 (working age)64.3%
- Aged 65+18.5%
Constituent Local Authorities
Ranked by resident population · mid-2024
Birmingham
1,183,618
Leeds
845,189
Manchester
589,670
Cornwall
583,289
Sheffield
582,493
Buckinghamshire
578,772
Bradford
563,605
County Durham
538,011
Wiltshire
523,700
Liverpool
508,961
All Local Authorities in the selection
Resident population + age structure · mid-2024 · sortable
| Birmingham | 1,183,618 | 2.1% | 20.4% | 13% |
| Leeds | 845,189 | 1.5% | 17.4% | 15.6% |
| Manchester | 589,670 | 1% | 18.5% | 9.3% |
| Cornwall | 583,289 | 1% | 14.8% | 26% |
| Sheffield | 582,493 | 1% | 16.6% | 16.8% |
| Buckinghamshire | 578,772 | 1% | 18.6% | 19.1% |
| Bradford | 563,605 | 1% | 20.8% | 15.5% |
| County Durham | 538,011 | 0.9% | 15.3% | 21.9% |
| Wiltshire | 523,700 | 0.9% | 16.3% | 22.9% |
| Liverpool | 508,961 | 0.9% | 16.1% | 15.3% |
| Bristol, City of | 494,399 | 0.9% | 15.6% | 12.6% |
| Kirklees | 447,847 | 0.8% | 18.4% | 18.1% |
| West Northamptonshire | 439,811 | 0.8% | 18.1% | 17.5% |
| Cheshire East | 421,298 | 0.7% | 16.3% | 22.5% |
| Croydon | 409,342 | 0.7% | 19% | 13.9% |
| Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole | 408,967 | 0.7% | 15% | 21.7% |
| Barnet | 405,050 | 0.7% | 19.2% | 15% |
| Dorset | 389,947 | 0.7% | 13.7% | 30.5% |
| Leicester | 388,348 | 0.7% | 19.3% | 12% |
| Ealing | 385,985 | 0.7% | 17.6% | 12.6% |
| Newham | 374,523 | 0.7% | 18.9% | 7.5% |
| North Northamptonshire | 373,871 | 0.7% | 18.3% | 18.4% |
| Cheshire West and Chester | 371,652 | 0.7% | 15.8% | 21.6% |
| Coventry | 369,026 | 0.6% | 18.9% | 13.9% |
| Wakefield | 367,666 | 0.6% | 17.5% | 19.1% |
| East Riding of Yorkshire | 355,884 | 0.6% | 14.5% | 27.1% |
| Sandwell | 353,860 | 0.6% | 20.8% | 14.5% |
| Brent | 352,976 | 0.6% | 17.5% | 12.2% |
| Wigan | 344,922 | 0.6% | 17.3% | 19.3% |
| Wandsworth | 337,655 | 0.6% | 14.7% | 9.9% |
| Bromley | 335,319 | 0.6% | 18.2% | 17.9% |
| Shropshire | 332,455 | 0.6% | 14.6% | 26.4% |
| Dudley | 331,930 | 0.6% | 17.8% | 20.2% |
| Tower Hamlets | 331,886 | 0.6% | 15.9% | 5.9% |
| Northumberland | 331,420 | 0.6% | 14.6% | 26.6% |
| Nottingham | 331,077 | 0.6% | 17.3% | 11.8% |
| Hillingdon | 329,185 | 0.6% | 19.1% | 13.1% |
| Wirral | 328,873 | 0.6% | 16.5% | 22.5% |
| Enfield | 327,434 | 0.6% | 20% | 14.7% |
| Redbridge | 321,231 | 0.6% | 20.2% | 12.6% |
| Newcastle upon Tyne | 320,605 | 0.6% | 16% | 14.8% |
| Doncaster | 319,765 | 0.6% | 17.7% | 19.6% |
| Lambeth | 316,920 | 0.6% | 13.3% | 9.5% |
| Central Bedfordshire | 315,877 | 0.6% | 18.7% | 18.2% |
| Southwark | 314,786 | 0.6% | 14.5% | 9.1% |
| Bolton | 310,085 | 0.5% | 20.2% | 16.9% |
| South Gloucestershire | 306,332 | 0.5% | 17.1% | 18.6% |
| Milton Keynes | 305,884 | 0.5% | 20.2% | 14.2% |
| Stockport | 303,929 | 0.5% | 17.7% | 20.1% |
| Lewisham | 301,255 | 0.5% | 17.2% | 10.3% |
| Greenwich | 299,528 | 0.5% | 18.2% | 10.8% |
| Hounslow | 299,424 | 0.5% | 18.7% | 12.2% |
| Walsall | 295,678 | 0.5% | 20.2% | 17.1% |
| Salford | 294,348 | 0.5% | 18.3% | 12.6% |
| Medway | 292,655 | 0.5% | 19.6% | 16.4% |
| Sunderland | 288,606 | 0.5% | 16.2% | 20.7% |
| Sefton | 286,281 | 0.5% | 15.8% | 23.7% |
| Brighton and Hove | 283,870 | 0.5% | 13.2% | 14.3% |
| Wolverhampton | 281,251 | 0.5% | 20.2% | 16% |
| Waltham Forest | 279,737 | 0.5% | 18.8% | 10.7% |
| Rotherham | 276,595 | 0.5% | 17.8% | 19.7% |
| Havering | 276,274 | 0.5% | 19.4% | 17.3% |
| Kingston upon Hull, City of | 275,401 | 0.5% | 18.9% | 15.5% |
| Derby | 274,149 | 0.5% | 18.8% | 16.2% |
| Plymouth | 272,067 | 0.5% | 15.8% | 18.9% |
| Harrow | 270,724 | 0.5% | 18.4% | 15.7% |
| Stoke-on-Trent | 270,425 | 0.5% | 19.2% | 17% |
| Hackney | 266,758 | 0.5% | 16.9% | 8.5% |
| Haringey | 263,850 | 0.5% | 16.8% | 11.3% |
| Southampton | 259,424 | 0.5% | 16.4% | 13.7% |
| Bexley | 256,434 | 0.5% | 18.9% | 16.6% |
| Barnsley | 251,770 | 0.4% | 17.1% | 20.1% |
| Oldham | 251,560 | 0.4% | 21.1% | 15.7% |
| East Suffolk | 249,664 | 0.4% | 14.3% | 29% |
| Swindon | 243,875 | 0.4% | 18.5% | 16.3% |
| Trafford | 241,025 | 0.4% | 19.4% | 17.6% |
| Tameside | 239,643 | 0.4% | 18.2% | 17.6% |
| Luton | 239,090 | 0.4% | 21.8% | 11.4% |
| Rochdale | 235,561 | 0.4% | 20.4% | 16.4% |
| Barking and Dagenham | 232,747 | 0.4% | 23.7% | 8.6% |
| North Somerset | 224,578 | 0.4% | 16.3% | 24% |
| Peterborough | 223,655 | 0.4% | 21.4% | 14.4% |
| Islington | 223,024 | 0.4% | 13.3% | 9.7% |
| Solihull | 221,242 | 0.4% | 18.3% | 21.3% |
| Merton | 218,539 | 0.4% | 18% | 13.2% |
| Camden | 216,943 | 0.4% | 13.4% | 12.1% |
| Warrington | 215,391 | 0.4% | 17% | 19.8% |
| North Tyneside | 215,025 | 0.4% | 16.2% | 21.2% |
| Sutton | 214,525 | 0.4% | 19.6% | 15.3% |
| Portsmouth | 214,321 | 0.4% | 16.7% | 14.9% |
| Calderdale | 210,929 | 0.4% | 17.5% | 19.6% |
| Westminster | 209,996 | 0.4% | 11.7% | 12.6% |
| York | 209,301 | 0.4% | 13.5% | 19.2% |
| Stockton-on-Tees | 206,800 | 0.4% | 17.8% | 19.5% |
| Gateshead | 202,760 | 0.4% | 16.4% | 20.4% |
| Colchester | 200,222 | 0.4% | 17.9% | 18% |
| Bath and North East Somerset | 200,028 | 0.4% | 14.9% | 19.5% |
| Bury | 198,921 | 0.3% | 18.6% | 18.3% |
| Richmond upon Thames | 196,678 | 0.3% | 18.5% | 17% |
| Telford and Wrekin | 195,952 | 0.3% | 18.7% | 17.9% |
| Bedford | 194,976 | 0.3% | 18.9% | 17.1% |
| Basildon | 193,632 | 0.3% | 19.7% | 17.1% |
| Basingstoke and Deane | 193,110 | 0.3% | 17.8% | 17.9% |
| Herefordshire, County of | 191,047 | 0.3% | 14.8% | 27% |
| Huntingdonshire | 190,619 | 0.3% | 17% | 20.5% |
| St. Helens | 188,861 | 0.3% | 16.4% | 20.6% |
| Chelmsford | 188,803 | 0.3% | 17.7% | 19.2% |
| Hammersmith and Fulham | 188,687 | 0.3% | 14.2% | 10.9% |
| West Suffolk | 188,485 | 0.3% | 17.1% | 21% |
| Charnwood | 188,385 | 0.3% | 15.7% | 19.4% |
| Maidstone | 187,767 | 0.3% | 18.6% | 19% |
| Wokingham | 187,200 | 0.3% | 19.6% | 17.4% |
| Southend-on-Sea | 185,256 | 0.3% | 17.7% | 19.3% |
| Reading | 182,907 | 0.3% | 17.7% | 12.2% |
| Thurrock | 180,989 | 0.3% | 21.3% | 13.5% |
| New Forest | 176,116 | 0.3% | 13.8% | 30.7% |
| Kingston upon Thames | 172,692 | 0.3% | 17.7% | 15% |
| South Cambridgeshire | 172,544 | 0.3% | 18.6% | 19.8% |
| North Lincolnshire | 171,336 | 0.3% | 16.6% | 22.9% |
| Cherwell | 170,426 | 0.3% | 17.8% | 17.7% |
| Arun | 170,064 | 0.3% | 14.1% | 29% |
| Slough | 167,359 | 0.3% | 23.2% | 9.8% |
| Wealden | 166,908 | 0.3% | 15.4% | 27.2% |
| Oxford | 166,034 | 0.3% | 14.5% | 12.1% |
| West Berkshire | 165,112 | 0.3% | 17.3% | 20.3% |
| Braintree | 164,304 | 0.3% | 17.1% | 20.8% |
| Preston | 162,864 | 0.3% | 18.6% | 14.3% |
| Knowsley | 162,565 | 0.3% | 18.7% | 17.3% |
| Blackburn with Darwen | 162,540 | 0.3% | 21.1% | 14.3% |
| Canterbury | 162,100 | 0.3% | 14.9% | 22.3% |
| Mid Sussex | 161,755 | 0.3% | 18.1% | 20.8% |
| Dacorum | 161,420 | 0.3% | 18.9% | 17.7% |
| North East Lincolnshire | 159,911 | 0.3% | 17.3% | 21.6% |
| Reigate and Banstead | 159,134 | 0.3% | 18.6% | 18.1% |
| Windsor and Maidenhead | 158,943 | 0.3% | 17.5% | 18.9% |
| Swale | 158,379 | 0.3% | 18.4% | 19.2% |
| East Devon | 158,239 | 0.3% | 14.4% | 30.2% |
| East Hertfordshire | 156,875 | 0.3% | 17.9% | 18.9% |
| Tendring | 156,759 | 0.3% | 14.8% | 29.5% |
| South Oxfordshire | 156,470 | 0.3% | 17.1% | 21.1% |
| King's Lynn and West Norfolk | 156,206 | 0.3% | 15.3% | 26.6% |
| Middlesbrough | 156,161 | 0.3% | 19.2% | 16.6% |
| Warwick | 154,889 | 0.3% | 16.4% | 19% |
| Horsham | 151,521 | 0.3% | 16.6% | 23.6% |
| South Tyneside | 151,393 | 0.3% | 16.6% | 21.5% |
| Guildford | 151,359 | 0.3% | 15.9% | 17.2% |
| St Albans | 151,012 | 0.3% | 19.6% | 17.6% |
| Cambridge | 149,352 | 0.3% | 13.6% | 11.6% |
| Vale of White Horse | 149,347 | 0.3% | 18.3% | 19.9% |
| South Norfolk | 148,448 | 0.3% | 16.3% | 24.8% |
| Norwich | 147,182 | 0.3% | 14.8% | 14.9% |
| South Kesteven | 147,151 | 0.3% | 16% | 23.9% |
| Breckland | 146,620 | 0.3% | 15.3% | 25.6% |
| Stratford-on-Avon | 146,258 | 0.3% | 15.3% | 25.4% |
| East Lindsey | 145,183 | 0.3% | 13% | 31.5% |
| Lancaster | 145,006 | 0.3% | 15.1% | 21% |
| Kensington and Chelsea | 144,518 | 0.3% | 13% | 15.4% |
| Blackpool | 144,191 | 0.3% | 16.6% | 20.8% |
| Eastleigh | 142,933 | 0.3% | 17.7% | 20% |
| Thanet | 142,691 | 0.3% | 16.6% | 23.9% |
| Elmbridge | 141,926 | 0.2% | 19.6% | 18.4% |
| Isle of Wight | 141,660 | 0.2% | 13.4% | 30.2% |
| Nuneaton and Bedworth | 141,565 | 0.2% | 18.4% | 19% |
| Stafford | 141,556 | 0.2% | 15.6% | 23.4% |
| Ashford | 140,936 | 0.2% | 18.2% | 19.7% |
| Ipswich | 140,274 | 0.2% | 19% | 17.1% |
| Torbay | 140,126 | 0.2% | 14.4% | 27.3% |
| Redcar and Cleveland | 139,228 | 0.2% | 16.2% | 24% |
| Gloucester | 138,598 | 0.2% | 17.9% | 16.9% |
| Teignbridge | 138,548 | 0.2% | 14.4% | 27.8% |
| Exeter | 138,399 | 0.2% | 13.5% | 16.4% |
| Broadland | 138,157 | 0.2% | 14.9% | 26% |
| Wychavon | 138,017 | 0.2% | 15.2% | 25.6% |
| Epping Forest | 137,451 | 0.2% | 17.3% | 20.1% |
| North Hertfordshire | 137,201 | 0.2% | 17.6% | 20% |
| Tonbridge and Malling | 136,853 | 0.2% | 18.5% | 19.4% |
| Winchester | 135,632 | 0.2% | 16.8% | 21% |
| Test Valley | 135,201 | 0.2% | 17% | 22% |
| Waverley | 134,284 | 0.2% | 17.5% | 22.1% |
| Halton | 131,543 | 0.2% | 17.3% | 19.3% |
| Bracknell Forest | 130,806 | 0.2% | 18.2% | 16% |
| Amber Valley | 130,451 | 0.2% | 15.4% | 23% |
| East Hampshire | 129,975 | 0.2% | 16% | 24.4% |
| East Staffordshire | 129,659 | 0.2% | 18% | 19.3% |
| Ashfield | 129,572 | 0.2% | 17.2% | 20.1% |
| Chichester | 128,934 | 0.2% | 14.5% | 27.7% |
| Newark and Sherwood | 127,886 | 0.2% | 15.9% | 23% |
| Newcastle-under-Lyme | 127,727 | 0.2% | 15% | 21.7% |
| Havant | 126,985 | 0.2% | 16% | 25% |
| Rushcliffe | 126,736 | 0.2% | 16.8% | 22% |
| Stroud | 125,680 | 0.2% | 15.8% | 23.9% |
| Dartford | 125,011 | 0.2% | 21.5% | 13.4% |
| Bassetlaw | 124,937 | 0.2% | 16.4% | 22.4% |
| Crawley | 124,008 | 0.2% | 19.9% | 13.5% |
| Welwyn Hatfield | 122,819 | 0.2% | 17.5% | 16.2% |
| Sevenoaks | 122,748 | 0.2% | 18.2% | 22.2% |
| North Kesteven | 122,468 | 0.2% | 15.5% | 23.9% |
| Rugby | 122,378 | 0.2% | 18.5% | 17.8% |
| West Lancashire | 121,995 | 0.2% | 15.2% | 22.5% |
| Cheltenham | 121,739 | 0.2% | 16% | 19.8% |
| West Oxfordshire | 120,941 | 0.2% | 16.6% | 22.3% |
| Chorley | 120,839 | 0.2% | 16.4% | 20.9% |
| Gedling | 120,179 | 0.2% | 16.4% | 21.7% |
| Dover | 119,768 | 0.2% | 16.1% | 24.8% |
| Tunbridge Wells | 119,694 | 0.2% | 18.5% | 20.1% |
| Wyre | 118,743 | 0.2% | 14.1% | 28.4% |
| South Derbyshire | 117,493 | 0.2% | 17.4% | 18.8% |
| Hinckley and Bosworth | 116,682 | 0.2% | 16.1% | 22.8% |
| South Ribble | 116,113 | 0.2% | 16% | 22% |
| Fareham | 115,428 | 0.2% | 15% | 25.9% |
| Broxtowe | 114,565 | 0.2% | 15.6% | 21.7% |
| South Staffordshire | 114,423 | 0.2% | 14.6% | 25.8% |
| Erewash | 114,253 | 0.2% | 15.6% | 21.2% |
| Worthing | 113,866 | 0.2% | 15.2% | 22.9% |
| Mansfield | 113,138 | 0.2% | 17.5% | 19.8% |
| Darlington | 112,489 | 0.2% | 16.6% | 21.2% |
| Folkestone and Hythe | 112,411 | 0.2% | 15.3% | 25.7% |
| Lichfield | 111,932 | 0.2% | 15.6% | 24% |
| North West Leicestershire | 111,881 | 0.2% | 16.5% | 20.1% |
| Mid Suffolk | 110,775 | 0.2% | 14.8% | 25.6% |
| Gravesham | 110,671 | 0.2% | 20.1% | 16.9% |
| Hertsmere | 110,212 | 0.2% | 18.4% | 18.6% |
| Blaby | 108,165 | 0.2% | 17.1% | 20.6% |
| Watford | 107,171 | 0.2% | 19.8% | 12.9% |
| Spelthorne | 107,074 | 0.2% | 18% | 17.9% |
| Worcester | 106,671 | 0.2% | 16.1% | 18.2% |
| North East Derbyshire | 106,646 | 0.2% | 15.6% | 24.8% |
| Chesterfield | 106,045 | 0.2% | 15.5% | 22.3% |
| Rushmoor | 105,751 | 0.2% | 17.9% | 15.2% |
| Woking | 105,679 | 0.2% | 18.4% | 17.1% |
| Lincoln | 105,114 | 0.2% | 15.1% | 15.1% |
| Fenland | 104,896 | 0.2% | 16.4% | 23.4% |
| Harborough | 104,713 | 0.2% | 16.2% | 22.7% |
| Eastbourne | 104,259 | 0.2% | 15.2% | 24.9% |
| Cannock Chase | 104,088 | 0.2% | 16.5% | 20% |
| Wyre Forest | 103,913 | 0.2% | 15.2% | 25.4% |
| North Norfolk | 103,217 | 0.2% | 12% | 35% |
| Hart | 103,162 | 0.2% | 17.4% | 20.6% |
| Lewes | 102,363 | 0.2% | 15% | 27% |
| Tewkesbury | 101,949 | 0.2% | 17.7% | 22% |
| Broxbourne | 101,900 | 0.2% | 18.8% | 17.4% |
| Bromsgrove | 101,685 | 0.2% | 16.7% | 23.3% |
| North Devon | 101,222 | 0.2% | 15.1% | 26.5% |
| Great Yarmouth | 100,529 | 0.2% | 16% | 24.8% |
| Pendle | 99,777 | 0.2% | 19.8% | 18.3% |
| South Holland | 99,298 | 0.2% | 16.1% | 24.2% |
| Burnley | 99,233 | 0.2% | 19.2% | 18% |
| West Lindsey | 99,208 | 0.2% | 15.4% | 25.7% |
| Harlow | 98,235 | 0.2% | 20.9% | 14.4% |
| Hartlepool | 98,180 | 0.2% | 17.6% | 20% |
| Babergh | 97,033 | 0.2% | 14.8% | 27.1% |
| Staffordshire Moorlands | 96,651 | 0.2% | 14.3% | 27.1% |
| Rother | 96,133 | 0.2% | 13.6% | 32.5% |
| Three Rivers | 95,807 | 0.2% | 18% | 18.5% |
| Uttlesford | 95,106 | 0.2% | 17.8% | 21.4% |
| Surrey Heath | 94,492 | 0.2% | 17% | 20.4% |
| East Cambridgeshire | 92,906 | 0.2% | 17.1% | 21.1% |
| South Hams | 92,148 | 0.2% | 14.4% | 28.8% |
| Runnymede | 92,118 | 0.2% | 16.3% | 17.2% |
| High Peak | 91,959 | 0.2% | 15.1% | 23.2% |
| Stevenage | 91,774 | 0.2% | 19% | 15.7% |
| Cotswold | 91,661 | 0.2% | 14.6% | 27.5% |
| Hastings | 91,219 | 0.2% | 16.2% | 21.1% |
| Tandridge | 90,586 | 0.2% | 17.6% | 21.4% |
| Castle Point | 90,581 | 0.2% | 15.9% | 25.7% |
| Rochford | 89,815 | 0.2% | 16.5% | 23.1% |
| Forest of Dean | 89,753 | 0.2% | 15% | 25.6% |
| Mole Valley | 88,709 | 0.2% | 15.8% | 24.6% |
| Redditch | 87,847 | 0.2% | 17.8% | 19.2% |
| Hyndburn | 86,058 | 0.2% | 18.7% | 18% |
| Fylde | 85,447 | 0.2% | 13.6% | 29% |
| Mid Devon | 84,993 | 0.1% | 15.8% | 24.9% |
| Bolsover | 83,773 | 0.1% | 16% | 20.6% |
| Epsom and Ewell | 83,288 | 0.1% | 18.8% | 18.1% |
| Malvern Hills | 83,227 | 0.1% | 14% | 28.6% |
| Gosport | 82,921 | 0.1% | 16.2% | 22.4% |
| Tamworth | 81,117 | 0.1% | 17.5% | 19.3% |
| Brentwood | 79,326 | 0.1% | 17.6% | 20.1% |
| Rossendale | 73,045 | 0.1% | 17.5% | 19.5% |
| Derbyshire Dales | 71,757 | 0.1% | 13% | 29.3% |
| Boston | 71,080 | 0.1% | 18% | 21.2% |
| Torridge | 69,841 | 0.1% | 14.1% | 29.6% |
| Maldon | 69,131 | 0.1% | 15% | 25.9% |
| North Warwickshire | 67,117 | 0.1% | 16.3% | 22.3% |
| Ribble Valley | 65,794 | 0.1% | 14.6% | 25.1% |
| Adur | 64,889 | 0.1% | 16.5% | 24% |
| Oadby and Wigston | 61,695 | 0.1% | 17.8% | 20.4% |
| West Devon | 58,923 | 0.1% | 13.4% | 29.7% |
| Melton | 54,052 | 0.1% | 15.8% | 24.1% |
| Rutland | 41,443 | 0.1% | 13.9% | 26.4% |
| City of London | 15,111 | 0% | 4.5% | 9.3% |
| Isles of Scilly | 2,366 | 0% | 12% | 25.2% |
About this data
Provenance & method
- Status
- Official statistics
- Grain
- Local Authority (resident)
- Reporting year
- mid-2024
- History depth
- Jun 2024
- Scale
- 20,349 rows
- Licence
- Open Government Licence v3.0
- Latest period
- Jun 2024
- How this is produced
- ONS mid-year resident-population estimates by Local Authority × 5-year age band × sex, harvested keylessly from Nomis. This is RESIDENT population at Local-Authority grain — notthe GP-registered list and not practice-keyed. A geography's figure is the sum over the DISTINCT set of Local Authorities its practices sit in (the postcode-derived
localAuthorityCodeon each practice): England is every LA, an ICB is its constituent LAs, a borough is one LA. Use it for the age/sex mix the registered list cannot show — never as a registered denominator.